In people with diabetes, the body either does not make enough insulin or does not use it properly. Disruptions in this feedback mechanism can be harmful to your body. When your blood sugar gets too low, glucagon is secreted by alpha cells of the pancreas in order to raise glucose levels. When your body takes in glucose after a meal, insulin is secreted by cells in your pancreas (beta cells) in order to lower your blood glucose to the appropriate level. These hormones work to ensure that your blood contains the right amount of glucose so that your cells-including those in your brain and central nervous system-can function correctly. The amount of glucose in your blood is controlled by a feedback mechanism involving two hormones, insulin and glucagon. However, glucose is also vital to the cells of your brain and central nervous system. When we think of providing our bodies with energy, we usually think about movement and physical activity. The cells of your body need glucose to obtain energy, and they cannot function without it. Glucose is a simple sugar that your body gets from the food you eat. This test helps to detect hyperglycemia (high blood sugar), hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), and diabetes (which can occur after long-term steroid therapy). Tests of blood glucose levels are performed to determine if an individual’s blood glucose is in normal range. Low BUN levels are uncommon and are usually not as important they can suggest certain conditions, such as malnutrition, over-hydration, or liver disease, but doctors usually use other tests to monitor these conditions. Even though increased protein levels in a person’s diet can cause their blood urea nitrogen levels to increase, elevated BUN may suggest kidney involvement due to lupus or another condition such as dehydration that causes decreased blood flow to the kidneys. To evaluate an individual’s BUN level, blood is drawn from the vein, and the concentration of urea nitrogen in the blood is evaluated and compared to a standard value for that person’s age range. From the liver, urea travels in your blood to the kidneys, which filter the urea and flush it from your body in the form of urine. The liver produces nitrogen in the form of ammonia (NH3) as it breaks down proteins into their constituent amino acids.
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